21

No. 21. Karle Buddhist cave inscription.

Prakrit. This inscription is badly mutilated, and what remains is half obliterated. If, nevertheless, I have attempted to translate the fragments, and believe that the readings and my rendering are tolerably certain, the circumstance which encourages me is that this document is very similar to the three Nàsik inscriptions, No, 14, No. 11A, and 11B, which also contain land grants made in favour of Bauddha mendicants. This resemblance permits us, also, to confidently assign our inscription to one of the two Andhra kings who caused the three Nàsik edicts to be incised, i.e., either to Gautamèputra Sàtakaríi or to Vàsiøòhèputra Puëumàyi. (ASWI)

Chaitya cave. On the 2nd and 3nd tiers of the frieze between the central and the right-hand door. (Sen.)

1834 Stevenson, JBAS III, p. 498, Nos. C and D. with facsimile; 1837 Prinsep. JBAS VI, p. 1048, No. 7, and Plate LIII; 1847 Bird-Mitchell-Wilson, Hist. Res. p. 60, No. 23, and Plate XXXVII, 5-7; 1854 Stevenson-Brett, JBBRAS V, p. 154 f., Nos. 7, 5 and 6, and Plate, Nos. 7, 3 and 6; 1856 corr. by Stevenson, JBBRAS V, p. 427; 1881 ment. by Bhagvanlal Indraji-Burgess, ICTWI, p. 36, No. 19, and Plate; 1883 Buôhler, ASWI, IV. p. 112 f., No. 9.20, and Plate LIV; 1895 note by Pischel, Nachr. Goôtt. Ges. Wiss. Phil. Hist. Kl. 1895, p. 213 f.; 1896 corr. by Franke, ZDMG L, p. 597; 1901 corr. by Hultzsch, EI VI, p. 319, notes 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7; 1902 Senart, EI VII, p. 64 ff., No. 19, and Plate II; 1908 corr. by Rapson, Catalogue of the Coins of the Andhra Dynasty, etc. p. XLIX, No.9; Luders list No 1105;

Lu: -Fragment. Order of . . . . to Pariguta (? Parigupta), the officer (amacha) at Màmàäa, regarding the gift of the village (gàma) of Karajaka in the Màmàla district (àhàra) on the northern road as monks' land (bhikhuhala) to the mendicant (pavajita) friars (bhikhu) dwelling in the Vàluraka (Vàlóraka) caves (låía) for the support of the school (nikàya) of the Mahàsaghiyas (Mahàsàìghikas). The plates were prepared by Sivakhaäaguta (Ùivaskandha-gupta). The second figure of the date of the year is uncertain.
-sava 10 [8] và pa 4 diva 1.

TEXT.

1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ànàpayati] màmà[le] amacha pa . ga . . masu etha lenasa Valurakasa vàòhavàna
2. pavajitàna bhikhuna nikàyasa mahàsagh[i]yàna yapanaya etha màmàlàhàre utaramaga(ge) gàma(me) karajake[su] . . .
3. bhikhuhala dadama [|] etesa gàma(me) karajake[su] bhikhuhala-deya papahi [|] etasa chasa
4. gàmasa karajakàna bhikhuhalaparihàra vitaràma a[pa]vesa . . . . . . . . . . . pàrihàrika cha [|] etehi na parihàrehi parihariha [|] ete chasa gàm[e] karajake[su]
5. bhikhuhalaparihàre [cha] etha nibadho[lehi] aviyena ànata . . . . . . . . . . . . . to vijayathasàtàre dato òhe raãà paòikà sava 1[4?]
6. và pa 4 diva 1 sivakhadagutena kaòà [||]

Notes
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L. 1. Sen. has màmà[äe], par . gata . . masu, lenesa.
L. 2. Sen. has mahàsagh . yàna y . pan . ya etha; utare mage g . m . karajak .
L. 3. Sen. has [tu] after etesa, karajake, pàpehi
L.4 Read parihariìha.(ASWI); Sen. has apàvesa a . . . ; pariharah. et. chasa gàma karajake.
L.5 Read vijayakhadhàvàre datàòhi.(ASWI); Sen. has nibadhàpehi, chhato vijayaòhasatàre, and not read raãà;

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(ASWI) "[King] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . addresses [these] commands to . . . . . . . the minister in [charge of] Màmàla . . . . we have given for the support of the mendicant friars of the school of the Mahàsaghiyas [Mahàsaìghikas] who live here in the Valuraka [Valóraka] cave, a bhikhuhala here in the village of Karajaka [which is situated] in the northern division of the Àhàra [Zillà of] Màmàla. To them the gift of a bhikhuhala in (? DNL Sen not read loc. in text) the village of Karajaka has been granted. And we grant for this village of Karajaka the exemption [from taxes and interference suitable] for a bhikhuhala [viz., that] it shall not be entered [by royal officers] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and be endowed with immunities [of all kinds]. By [granting] these immunities we exempt it [from interference by the revenue officers]. With respect to this village of Karajaka and with respect to this exemption a deed has here been drawn up by . . . . . . . who received verbal orders [to that effect] . . . . . . . . . and a written grant has been given by the king in his victorious camp on the first day of the first fortnight of the rainy season in the year 1[4?] [which has been] prepared by Sivakhadaguta [Ùivaskandhagupta]."

Notes to translation (ASWI)
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1. [Mahàsaìghikas] - One of the most ancient divisions of the Bauddhas (conf. Mahàvaìso, v. 4; Ind. Ant., vol. IX, pp. 300, 301; Vassilief, Bouddisme, p. 225).(ASWI)
2. Bhikhuhala - Literally, "a mendicant-plough;" the precise technical meaning of this term is unknown to me, but as the village is also allowed the immunities (parihàra) usually granted for dharmadàna land, it would seem that the royal share of the produce was made over to the Bauddha mendicants.(ASWI) Sen. - 'monk's land'
3þ This is probably identical with the Karajika which, according to No. 13, Ðiøabhadatta, the son-in-law of Nahapàna, gave to the community at Valóraka. If this be so, we have in this grant one ot the effects of the destruction of the Køaharàta dynasty, of which Gautamèputra boasts in Nasik No. 16.(ASWI)
4. The term àhàra, as we know from the Valabhè grants, corresponds exactly to the modern "Zillà or Collectorate." The name Màmàla is evidently the ancient form of the modern Màvaë (Màul); the change of medial ma to va is common in Maràòhè. Màvaë being still the name of the tract along the Sahyàdri or Ghàò range, fully corresponds with the position of the ancient Màmàla. We have thus another proof that the lapse of two thousand years has not changed much in the geographical names of Western India and its territorial divisions.(ASWI)